Prevalencia y factores asociados al asma en niños de 5 a 14 años de un área rural del sur del Perú

Objectives. To determine the prevalence and associated factors related to asthma in children aged from 5 to 14 years old in a rural province of Ica, Peru. Material and methods. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in children aged from 5 to 14 years old in Santiago, Ica, Peru during the year 2004. Childrens mothers were selected through systematic random sampling and interviewed using a pre-defined questionnaire based in ISAAC; we also recorded other data related to previous risk factors of asthma. As dependent variable, asthma development was used to perform a logistic regression model to identify associated factors. Results. We interviewed 186 of 200 sampled subjects, 25 of them met asthma criteria, so the global prevalence was 13.5% (95%CI: 8.8 - 19.8%), predominating in children aged 5 years (39%) comparing to other age strata (16 y 7% for 6 to 10 years and 11 to 14 respectively). Identified factors associated to asthma included: previous diagnosed rhinitis, ever having received antibiotics and fathers smoking habit during the first year of life. Protective factors were: to have had diarrhea during the first year of life and having received BCG vaccine. Conclusions. The prevalence of asthma in this rural area is similar to that of other cities in the world. furthermore, there are factors that can be changed, like to receive antibiotic during the first year of life and father smoking.