Bioecology and sport: linking theory and practice

Despite considerable research efforts to refine and apply the PPCT model in sports settings, there remains a lack of guidance on its practical implementation, both in research and elite athlete practice. This paper aims to propose a methodology for operationalizing the theory specifically tailored to elite sports. This involves (a) elucidating the operationalization of the Process, Person, Context, and Time components within the PPCT framework; (b) exploring the utilization of the PPCT model in sports contexts, integrating empirical research findings; and (c) presenting recommendations for designing and executing elite athlete-centered interventions and development programs. These athlete-centered initiatives have the potential to effectively address athletes’ needs and enhance their performance levels. Recognizing the significance of customizing interventions to individual athlete attributes, fostering positive relationships, addressing environmental influences, and acknowledging transitional stages is crucial for maximizing athletes’ well-being, performance, and overall success. By examining the four key components of the bioecological model–including contextual aspects of sport (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem), athlete attributes (dispositions, resources, demands), the context-athlete relationship dynamics, and the temporal dimension (chronosystem) to understand how temporal changes impact athletes’ trajectories–this paper intentions to advance understanding of the bioecological factors shaping elite athletes’ experiences. Psychological interventions targeting individual-environment congruence for elite athletes carry significant implications. These interventions should be intricately personalized to meet the distinctive needs and characteristics of each athlete, contributing to more effective and tailored support within elite sports environments.