Human capacity strengthening for firefighters: A scoping review

In a broad sense, human capacity building consists of acquiring and applying knowledge that enables the development of skills, aptitudes and procedures. This process equips individuals with the tools to effectively face unforeseen situations and emergencies adaptively. The general objective of this study is to determine the means and resources necessary to strengthen the human capacity of firefighter personnel. To accomplish this purpose, a methodology based on a scoping review was applied, following the guidelines of the PRISMA method. The search for information was conducted using keywords in databases such as Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Selection criteria were established as scientific articles and book chapters published between 2014 and 2024, in English or Spanish, with a complete structure: title, abstract, keywords, introduction, literature review, materials and methods, results, discussion and conclusions. The process identified a total of 1032 documents: 451 in Google Scholar, 324 in Scopus and 257 in Web of Science. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 academic papers were selected that offer relevant contributions on the characteristics and strengthening of human capabilities in firefighters. The findings indicate that such strengthening is achieved through coaching, training and education processes focused on physical, mental and emotional aspects. The incorporation of digital and virtual tools facilitates the preparation for the performance of key functions in fire contexts. Therefore, it is recommended that firefighters participate in real and simulated scenarios, with the supervision of experts in fire science, rescue techniques and health professionals, who can evaluate and report on the progress achieved.